Data citation: what, when, why?

Supersymmetry: what? why? when?

This article is a colloquium-level review of the idea of supersymmetry and why so many physicists expect it to soon be a major discovery in particle physics. Supersymmetry is the hypothesis, for which there is indirect evidence, that the underlying laws of nature are symmetric between matter particles (fermions) such as electrons and quarks, and force particles (bosons) such as photons and gluons.

What shutdowns , why and when ?

Vitamin K--what, why, and when.

Policies for giving babies vitamin K prophylactically at birth have been dictated, over the last 60 years, more by what manufacturers decided on commercial grounds to put on the market, than by any informed understanding of what babies actually need, or how it can most easily be given. By a pure fluke a 1 mg IM dose, designed to prevent early vitamin deficiency bleeding ("haemorrhagic disease o...

Collaborative clustering: Why, when, what and how

Clustering is one type of unsupervised learning where the goal is to partition the set of objects into groups called clusters. Faced to the difficulty to design a general purpose clustering algorithm and to choose a good, let alone perfect, set of criteria for clustering a data set, one solution is to resort to a variety of clustering procedures based on different techniques, parameters and/or ...

Health care reform: why? What? When?

Dissatisfaction with the U.S. health care system is widespread, but no consensus has emerged as to how to reform it. The principal methods of finance-employer-based insurance, means-tested insurance, and Medicare-are deeply and irreparably flawed. Policymakers confront two fundamental questions: Should reform be incremental or comprehensive? And should priority be given to reforming the financi...